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Autophagy is a process of bulk protein degradation in which cytoplasmic components, including organelles, are enclosed in double-membrane structures called autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes or vacuoles for degradation. ATG12 is the human homolog of a yeast protein involved in autophagy (Mizushima et al., 1998[PubMed 9852036]).[supplied by OMIM].

Signal-mediated nuclear import and export proceed through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which is comprised of approximately 50 unique proteins collectively known as nucleoporins. The 98 kDa nucleoporin is generated through a biogenesis pathway that involves synthesis and proteolytic cleavage of a 186 kDa precursor protein. This cleavage results in the 98 kDa nucleoporin as well as a 96 kDa nucleoporin, both of which are localized to the nucleoplasmic side of the NPC. Rat studies show that t

Beta Arrestin 1 is a member of a family of proteins that are widely expressed but especially abundant in the central nervous system. Serving as an adaptor or scaffold molecule, beta Arrestin 1 is essential for mitogenic signaling. It mediates agonist dependent desensitization and internalization of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs, e.g., beta 2 adrenergic receptor). After binding to their ligand and interacting with heterotrimeric G proteins, GPCRs are phosphorylated by G protein receptor k

This gene is a member of the Abd-B homeobox family and encodes a protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded nuclear protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Increased expression of this gene is associated with some cases of leukemia, prostate cancer and lung cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]